Criminal procedure

Criminal procedure Requirements for search and arrest warrants how they relate to probable cause The chosen article for this essay is ‘SCOTUS: Drug dog’s sniff was ‘up to snuff,’ establishing probable cause to search truck† (Weiss, 2013). This article talks about a situation, which requires a search because of probable cause. According to this article, a German shepherd dog named Aldo, which has been trained to sniff drugs, gives an alert towards a truck whose license plate had expired.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal procedure-probable cause article summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The court justified the dog’s actions, and ruled that there was no need for a field history to be established. Just like any other case of probable cause, the question at hand was whether the alert brought up by the dog, viewed under any reasonable person’s imaginations, would offer suspicion f or drugs evidence. As it was found, the suspicious truck which Aldo was sending the alert about carried pseudo-ephedrine pills and methamphetamine. Aldo sniff was unquestionable given that the dog had been through training, and had been taken through a course for the detection of narcotic drugs (Weiss, 2013). Therefore, it was evident that before evaluating cases dealing with probable cause, courts scrutinize entirely the circumstances which lead to it. Search warrants are normally issued by the judge. For a search and arrest warrants to be issued, the requirements include that the officer produces a probability cause, which justifies the search. In some cases, sworn statements or affidavits are also required in support of the probable cause (Goodman Waksman, 2010). Another requirement is a clear description of the particulars that will be searched and what will be seized. The judge thoroughly affirms all possible circumstances before issuing a search or arrest warrant. For instanc e, the case in this particular article, the judge ruled out the need for a history check based on the fact that the dog had undergone a thorough training on the check on narcotics and that it had its teeth inspected by an authentic organization (Weiss, 2013). The judge is mandated to restrict search warrants if the law is contravened. According to the fourth amendment, the officer does not need a warrant, but rather evidence to prove the presence of a crime. The reasonableness of a crime also counts when it comes to release of a search warrant. This is as evidenced in the article, as a sniff is justified to be an instinct that would arouse suspicion unto any reasonable person. Exceptions to warrant requirements There are certain exceptions to warrant requirements. These include when a person is going through a lawful arrest; under such a circumstance, the person may have his or her immediate surrounding checked for the sake of safety.Advertising Looking for essay on criminol ogy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The exclusion is referred to as plain view exemption. Warrants are never provided for when capturing evidence because legitimate police officers can check from their stand points. In cases where consent has been issued by someone in authority, warrants are not required (Goodman Waksman, 2010). For instance, the wife of a suspect may show the officers where they may find the suspect. Another exception is the stop and frisk. A reasonable suspicion, which is slightly more than the usual suspicion, and slightly less than probable cause offers a reason to stop and frisk a person who is believed to be dangerous or armed. The other exclusion is the automobile one that provides no warrant should be issued to search a vehicle that is suspected to contribute to crime because vehicles are not static. There is also an exception where the suspected materials of crime can easily be made to disappear; for instance, drugs (Goodman Waksman, 2010). References Goodman, D., . Waksman D. M. (2010). The search and seizure handbook (3rd edition ed.). Upper saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Weiss, D.C. (2013, February 19). SCOTUS: Drug dog’s sniff was ‘up to snuff,’ establishing probable cause to search truck . Retrieved from abajournal.com/news/article/scotus_drug_dogs_sniff_was_up_to_snuff_establishing_probable_cause_to_searc

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution One part of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory involves population biology and, on an even smaller level, population genetics. Since evolution is measured in units within populations and only populations can evolve and not individuals, then population biology and population genetics are intricate parts of the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection. How the Coalescent Theory Affects the Theory of Evolution When Charles Darwin first published his ideas of evolution and natural selection, the field of Genetics had yet to be discovered. Since tracing alleles and genetics is a very important part of population biology and population genetics, Darwin did not fully cover those ideas in his books. Now, with more technology and knowledge under our belts, we can incorporate more population biology and population genetics into the Theory of Evolution. One way this is done is through the coalescence of alleles. Population biologists look at the gene pool and all available alleles within the population. They then try to trace the origin of these alleles back through time to see where they started. The alleles can be traced back through various lineages on a phylogenetic tree to see where they coalesce or come back together (an alternate way of looking at it is when the alleles branched off from one another). Traits always coalesce at a point called the most recent common ancestor. After the most recent common ancestor, the alleles separated and evolved into new traits and most likely the populations gave rise to new species. The Coalescent Theory, much like Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, has a few assumptions that eliminate changes in alleles through chance events. The Coalescent Theory assumes there is no random genetic flow or genetic drift of alleles into or out of the populations, natural selection is not working on the selected population over the given time period, and there is no recombination of alleles to form new or more complex alleles. If this holds true, then the most recent common ancestor can be found for two different lineages of similar species. If any of the above are in play, then there are several obstacles that have to be overcome before the most recent common ancestor can be pinpointed for those species. As technology and understanding of the Coalescent Theory become more readily available, the mathematical model that accompanies it has been tweaked. These changes to the mathematical model allow some of the previously inhibitive and complex issues with population biology and population genetics have been taken care of and all types of populations may then be used and examined using the theory.

How do US elections differ from the Russian ones Term Paper

How do US elections differ from the Russian ones - Term Paper Example From this research it is clear that elections in the United States and Russia have their own unique features and characteristics that distinguish them from each other. Even though electoral processes share some similarities and characteristics, most contemporary democracies and jurisdictions have their own unique electoral systems that are protected by their constitutions. Most constitutions have detailed voting systems and arrangements that convert people’s votes into meaningful political decisions. The US has its own unique ways of dealing with election related issues, and, so does Russia. For example, in the United States, when the first round of elections does not produce a winner by absolute majority, the senate is given the power to elect the president. In Russia, when such a case occurs, a second round of elections between the candidates who had the most votes is held so as to determine the ultimate winner of the elections. These differences between elections in the US and Russia shall be the main focus of this research. In the United States, the system of government is the representative democracy, where representatives are elected by citizens to make government decisions on their behalf at different levels. In Russia, the constitution enshrines electoral laws that govern all election processes. The present study would focus on these differences between the elections in the US and Russia.

Aggregate planning strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aggregate planning strategies - Essay Example UPS is one the world’s most competitive parcel delivery companies. They have branches all around the globe and continue to seek expansion. But before these dreams of expansions can be realized, it is very important that the company invests so much in its human resource base. The company also works so much with inter-country delivery representatives as their delivery system is directly incorporated into the door-step delivery system. As part of the growth agenda, the company uses the Mixed Strategy of the aggregate planning strategy to get its corporate plan delivered. Company Purpose and Business Scope Judging from the different types of business that UPS does as a company, there is no denying the fact that the company lives up to the saying of â€Å"enabling commerce around the world†. This is said because the major business area of the company is courier services, which ensures that the company collects and distributes parcels and other forms of items to people all ac ross the globe. In the wake of globalization where internet trading has been the hallmark of global commerce (Perry, 2008), it takes the shipping services of UPS to get good and products that are purchased on the internet to travel miles around the world to reach their owners. With such services, global commerce would have been affected negatively because electronic commerce, which is the pivot of doing commerce around the world, would not have happened (Tawiah, 2009). ... ngible resources, the company needs a very large array of financial resource, human resource, transportation resources, technological hardware resource, among others. Labor skills and knowledge, intellectual property, corporate branding and competitive advantage are some of the intangible resources that the company needs to execute its services (Ankomah, 2005). Combing the urgency with each of these resources, which are varying and different must be available, it can clearly be said that UP is a company that depends largely on a greater volume of variable resources to get its businesses successfully undertaken. Job opportunities available The employability of UPS is clearly determined by its size and scope of business. Looking at the fact that the company is fast branding itself as the face of global commerce, it would be seen that the company has several branches and offices around the world. Most of these are networked and interrelated to ensure that the company operates on a simil ar organizational culture (Gabby, 2009). Due to the demand for labor, the company presently employs as many as 398,300 workers (Ankomah, 2005). This not withstanding, there remain job opportunities in areas of distribution operations managers, customer relations personnel, logistics executives, corporate branding managers, sales personnel, international public relations, marketers and drivers. Interestingly, these job openings represent the different kinds of jobs that are undertaken at the company and through all ranks of the company’s organizational hierarchy. Nature of business The jobs available at UPS are diverse and divergent. Whereas some are top executive job openings, some are corporate openings that are ideal for young graduates, and there are also jobs for non-degree holders

The Power of Persuasion Essay Example for Free

The Power of Persuasion Essay I. â€Å"If you would persuade, you must appeal to interest rather than intellect.† These are wise words spoken by Benjamin Franklin, whom we all know for his roles in American History as a writer, scientist and politician. II. In this quote, Benjamin Franklin speaks of how to persuade. But why would it be important to know how to persuade? III. I always have to ask my child to pick up his toys after he done playing with them and my husband to take out the trash. Of course, they never want to do it so I must persuade them into doing so. At some point in life, we all have to persuade someone into doing something. IV. Tonight, I will tell you about the how powerful persuasion is, techniques for persuasion, how to not be persuaded. Body I. One could say that most of the things that people do, they do them on their own free will. Up to certain point this is true; many individuals act and do things based upon their needs and wants, others need to be persuaded, or if you will, motivated into doing something. a.Persuasion is a skill that most business people such as, marketers, salespeople and advertisers must have or acquire in order to succeed in today’s business world. b.For example, a company like launches a new line of hair care products that promise to do wonders for your hair, but you have been using a type of shampoo and conditioner for as long as you can remember, because it works for your hair. c. You have developed brand loyalty for these products and probably you wouldn’t think of changing to a new line of products. d. But this company’s campaign and offers of free samples for you to try are so alluring that you decide to try and after trying you decide to switch. e.You have not only been persuaded to change products, but your perception of the products you used for years has also changed. (Transition: This case illustrates one of the â€Å"six basic tendencies of human behavior that Robert B. Cialdini mentions In his article â€Å"The Science of Persuasion†, published in the Scientific America: Mind magazine in 2001.) II. The following tendencies play an important role in the decision making process of an individual and lead to the use of persuasion techniques based on each of them are: a.Reciprocation: one could also refer to this as â€Å"quid pro quo† or â€Å"this for that.† Most individuals agree to do or contribute to a number of things if they see a profit or a benefit from it in most cases, in other cases they might do it just for goodwill. Technique: Free samples at food stores, free at home inspections from exterminators, free workout sessions with gym membership. Customers are exposed to the product or service and also indebted. b.Consistency: â€Å"public commitments, even seemingly minor ones, direct future actions.† Technique: Restaurants ask customers who make reservations to call and cancel if they have a change of plans. This simple request asks the customers to make a public commitment. c.Social validation: society has also an impact on an individual’s actions and decisions, because actions and tendencies that have a positive impact in society are most likely to be replicated. Technique: A fund raiser shows home owners a list of the neighbors that contributed to the building of a new library; the longer the list, the greater the effect. d.Liking: â€Å"people prefer to say yes to those they like† Whether a product, an individual or an organization, individuals tend to act and make decisions upon what they like. Technique: Companies that offer at home parties like Tupperware, Mary Kay and Pampered Chef are a success because people buy from a familiar person â€Å"a liked friend† rather than an unknown salesperson. e.Authority: â€Å"we usually want the opinions of true authorities. Their insights help us choose quickly and well.† One could say that this tendency goes hand to hand with social validation and recognition. The opinions of those who have dedicated years to study and explore a specific filed often influence an individual’s decision. Technique: Phrases like â€Å"Four out of five doctors recommend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dentists’ favorite toothpaste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  attempt to harness the power of authority. f.Scarcity: â€Å"a great deal of evidence shows that items and opportunities become more desirable to us as they become unavailable† Technique: Often in store one sees â€Å"limited time† and â€Å"limited supplies† offers but in most of these occasions, this is nothing more than a marketing strategy. (Transition: These tendencies and techniques can persuade individual into doing or acquiring a number of things.) II. Unfortunately, there are some people who use unethical persuasion techniques. Some of these are: a. The â€Å"by all means necessary† approach to obtain the results they want; they usually violate businesses ethic codes. b.An example of these are the well known pyramid scheme, vapor advertising (advertising of a product that does not exist) and scams, all of these are based upon making individuals buy or commit to do things they wouldn’t normally buy or do. c.Another well known form of persuasion is â€Å"peer pressure.† d.It is possible that at some point in one’s life, one has done something due to peer pressure. e.This is commonly seen among high school and college students where one of the needs of the students is to be liked and socially recognized on campus. f.It can also be seen within organization; among employees. g.A moderate amount of peer pressure can be beneficiary for an individual when it motivates the individuals to act toward becoming a better student, employee, or just a better person in general. h.Peer pressure can be dangerous when the only goal is to be socially accepted; in this case most individuals would do â€Å"whatever it takes† to be accepted. Conclusion Persuasion is a powerful tool that can be used to motivate individuals to do good things for society and for themselves, but it can also be used to do harm. Based on the tendencies upon which people act and make decisions, it is up to the individual to determine when and how they allow themselves to be persuaded, because as strong and powerful as persuasion can be, there is also another powerful tool that individuals tend to lean on when they have to make a decision and that is intuition.

Black Elk Speaks :: essays research papers

Black Elk Speaks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book Black Elk Speaks was written in the early 1930's by author John G. Neihardt, after interviewing the medicine man named Black Elk. Neihardt was already a published writer, and prior to this particular narrative he was at work publishing a collection of poems titled Cycle of the West. Although he was initially seeking infor-mation about a peculiar Native American religious movement that occurred at the end of the 19th century for the conclusion his poetry collection, Neihardt was instead gifted with the story of Black Elk's life. Black Elk's words would explain much about the nature of wisdom as well as the lives of the Sioux and other tribes of that period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The priest or holy man calling himself Black Elk was born in the December of 1863, to a family in the Ogalala band of the Sioux. Black Elk's family was well known, and he counted the famed Crazy Horse as a friend and cousin. Black Elk's family was likewise acknowledged as a family of wise men, with both his father and grandfather themselves being holy men bearing the name Black Elk. The youngest Black Elk soon experienced a vision as a young boy, a vision of the wisdom inherent in the earth that would direct him toward his true calling of being a wichasha wakon or holy man like his predecessors. Black Elk's childhood vision stayed with him throughout his life, and it offered him aid and wisdom whenever he sought it. It is from the strength of this vision, and the wisdom in his heart that Black Elk eventually realized his place as a leader and wise man in the Ogalala band of the Sioux.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wisdom possessed by Black Elk is immediately present in his recollections of various lessons learned by himself and by others. These stories ran the whole gambit of life experiences from the most innocent acts of a boy in love, to the hard les-sons learned from the treachery of the whites. Through these stories a greater insight can be gained into the ways of the Sioux, as well as lessons into the nature of all men. Most important in these lessons on the nature of man was wisdom, and in all of Black Elk's recollections somewhere a deeper wisdom can be found.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of High Horse's Courting stands out as a perfect example of one of Black Elk's narratives. Typically, Black Elk's narratives try to bestow a lesson (or les-sons) that the listener can learn from, just as the subject of the story sometimes does.

Big Bazaar Report

INTRODUCTION Big bazaar is a hyper market chain owned by the Pantaloons Retail India Limited, with currently more than 50 outlets in metros, medium, and small cities. Big Bazaar combines the look and feel of Indian bazaars with aspect of modern retail like choice, convenience, and hygiene. It works on the same economy model like Wal Mart, and has had considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. The idea was pioneered by entrepreneur Kishore Biyani, the head of Pantaloons Retail India Limited. Big Bazaar is not just another hyper market, it caters to every need of your family.Where Big Bazaar scores over other stores is its value for money proposition for the Indian customers . At Big Bazaar, you will definitely get the best products at the best prices – That is what they guarantee. With the ever increasing array of private labels, it has opened the doors into the world of fashion and general merchandise including home furnishings, utensils, crockery, cutlery, sp orts goods and much more at prices that will surprise you. And this is just the beginning. Big Bazaar plans to add much more to complete your shopping experience. Living up to its motto of   Isse sasta aur accha kahin nahi† All products in Big Bazaar will be available at prices lower than the MRP, often up to 60% discount. In addition to this, various offers, discounts and promotions will be regularly held at the store. The consumer will experience a new level of standard in price, convenience and comfort, quality, quantity, and store service levels. BIG BAZAAR in its true hyper market model will offer all of the above for both leading brands and also for its private labels. There are many types of retail format available in India like grocery store to mall.They have different types of market for the business. Among of all this format of retail big bazaar is the successful retail format in Indian retail industry. In past Indian customer only familiar with the nearby convince store but day to day innovation and customer awareness. Now in a day’s customer are more aware about shopping. Kishor biyani create a bench mark in Indian retail industry by entering in Indian retail business. Big bazaar is one of them format of future group. Big bazaar deal with all kind of human being products starting from children to adult.Products are selling by the big bazaar like Grocery, plastic, electronics, apparels, footwear, food etc. Mainly these sections are there in big bazaar: * Food Bazaar: Different departments Of Food Bazaar are as follow: * Vegetable * Chill Station * Golden Harvest * Head To Toe * Fruit * Ready To Eat * General Merchandise In General Merchandise Department different departments are as follow: * Crockery * Plastic * Utensil * Home leanon * Electronics * Depot * Stationery * Mobile * Apparels In Apparels Department different departments are as follows: * Footwear * Mans and ladies accessories Toys * Kid’s ware * Men’s ware * Ladies ware * Imitation jewellery The heart of the big bazaar is its ware house. Operation is start from the ware house. It is very important part of entire big bazaar process. â€Å"Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi† punch line of the big bazaar suggest itself that good quality at lowest price products are sell by the big bazaar There are 89 BIG BAZAAR are available in india. Big Bazaar is not just another hypermarket. It caters to every need of your family. Where Big Bazaar scores over other stores is its value for money proposition for the Indian customers.At Big Bazaar, you will definitely get the best products at the best prices – that’s what they guarantee. With the ever increasing array of private labels, it has opened the doors into the world of fashion and general merchandise including home furnishings, utensils, crockery, cutlery, sports goods and much more as mentioned above at prices that will surprise you. And this is just the beginning. Big Bazaar p lans are to add much more to complete your shopping experience. TIMELINE 2001 Three Big Bazaar stores launched within a span of 22 days in Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad. 2002Big Bazaar – ICICI Bank Card is launched. Food Bazaar becomes part of Big Bazaar with the launch of the first store in Mumbai at High Street Phoenix. 2003 Big Bazaar enters Tier II cities with the launch of the store in Nagpur. Big Bazaar welcomes its 10 million-th customer at its new store in Gurgaon. 2004 Big Bazaar wins its first award and national recognition. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar awarded the country’s most admired retailer award in value retailing and Food retailing segment at the India Retail Forum. A day before Diwali, the store at Lower Parel becomes the first to touch `. 10million turnovers on a single day. 005 Initiates the implementation of SAP and pilots a RFID project at its central warehouse in Tarapur. Launches a unique shopping program: the Big Bazaar Exchange Offer, inviti ng customers to exchange household junk at Big Bazaar. Electronic Bazaar and Furniture Bazaar are launched. 2006 Mohan Jadhav sets a national record at Big Bazaar Sangli with a `. 1,37,367 shopping bill. The Sangli farmer becomes Big Bazaar’s largest ever customer. Big Bazaar launches Shakti, India’s first credit card program tailored for   housewives. Navaras–  the jewellery store launched within Big Bazaar stores. 007 The 50th Big Bazaar store is launched in Kanpur. Big Bazaar partners with Futurebazaar. com to launch India's most popular shopping portal. Big Bazaar initiates the Power of One campaign to help raise funds for the Save the Children India Fund. Pantaloon Retail wins the International Retailer of the Year at US-based National Retail Federation convention in New York and Emerging Retailer of the Year award at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona. 2008 Big Bazaar becomes the fastest growing hypermarket format in the world with the launch of its 101st store within 7 years of launch.Big Bazaar dons a new look with a fresh new section, Fashion @ Big Bazaar. Big Bazaar joins the league of India’s Business Super brands. It is voted among the top ten service brands in the country in the latest Pitch-IMRB international survey. 2009 Big Bazaar initiates Maha Annasantarpane program at its stores in South India,   a unique initiative to offer meals to visitors and support local social organizations. Big Bazaar captures almost one-third share in food and grocery products sold through modern retail in India. 2010Future Value Retail Limited is formed as a specialized subsidiary to spearhead the Group’s value retail business through Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar and other formats. Big Bazaar wins CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards for the third consecutive year. Adjudged the most preferred Most Preferred Multi Brand Food ; Beverage Chain, Most Preferred Multi Brand Retail Outlet and Most Preferred Multi Brand One Stop Shop. Big Bazaar connects over 30,000 small and medium Indian manufacturers and entrepreneurs with around 200 million customers visiting its stores. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AT BIG BAZAARBIG BAZAAR MANIFESTO (Future Group) â€Å"Future† – the word which signifies optimism, growth, achievement, strength, beauty, rewards and perfection. Future encourages us to explore areas yet unexplored, write rules yet unwritten; create new opportunities and new successes. To strive for a glorious future brings to us our strength, our ability to learn, unlearn and re-learn, our ability to evolve. In Future Group will not wait for the Future to unfold itself but create future scenarios in the consumer space and facilitate consumption because consumption is development.Thereby, it will effect socio-economic development for our customers, employees, shareholders, associates and partners. Group vision Future Group shall deliver Everything, Everywhere, Every time for Every Indian Consumer in the mo st profitable manner. Group mission They share the vision and belief that their customers and stakeholders shall be served only by creating and executing future scenarios in the consumption space leading to economic development. They are infusing Indian brands with confidence and renewed ambition. They are efficient, cost- conscious and committed to quality in whatever they do.They ensure that their positive attitude, sincerity, humility and united determination shall be the driving force to make us successful. RECENT CHANGE IN RETAIL SECTOR March 21, 2013, ET The government plans to significantly liberalize Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) norms for single-brand retail to attract big bucks into the sector. The Finance ministry has asked the Department of Industrial policy and Promotion (DIPP) to amend the policy to allow single-brand retailers to bring different brands belonging to the same product line under one company.It has also asked DIPP – the government department that frames foreign investment rules in the country – to allow these retailers to sell different brands in the same store. A government official said the wordings of the present guidelines prevent, for example, a foreign high-street retailer from selling men's and women's clothes in the same store if their brand names are different. Moreover, the retailer needs to submit two different proposals under two different companies if it wants to sell both men's and women's apparel. If the same owner has an identical product line under a different brand name, why should he be required to set up a different company,† said a government official privy to the thinking of the finance ministry. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board, or FIPB, the inter-ministerial body that approves FDI proposals in the country, has received 63 proposals from single-brand retailers after FDI was allowed in the sector. While the rush of applications clearly signals the interest of foreign investors in the sector, most retailers want the policy to clearly allow them to sell their different brands in the same store. Any policy has to have that dynamism to address the requirements of the changing business requirement,† said the official quoted earlier. Independent experts welcomed the government rethink on the issue. â€Å"Ownership of several brands by an investor does not make it a multi-brand retailer†¦ The requirement to have separate companies for each brand merely creates incremental compliance and inefficiency of operations through multiple companies,† said Akash Gupt, executive director, PricewaterhouseCoopers.Several retailers such as Gap and Louis vuitto own multiple brands under a single company or investment group. Gap Inc. owns the Old Navy, Banana Republic, Piper lime and Athleta apparel brands besides the flagship Gap brand. Similarly, Louis Vuitton owns Fendi and Labelux owns Jimmy Choo and Belle. The government raised the FDI limit in single-brand ret ail to 100% in January 2012. The single-brand investment norms have already been tweaked once after Swedish furnishing major IKEA sought several changes while proposing its `. 0,000-crore investment. DDIP did away with the mandatory 30% sourcing requirement from small industries and also said the brand need not be owned by the investing company. Any entity with a valid agreement to sell the brand in India could seek a license under the policy. The government is keen to attract FDI as it will help it bridge the large current account deficit, and is taking measures to make the regime friendlier for foreign investors. It has decided to review and possibly abolish FDI caps in many sectors. FUTURE PLANS MUMBAI:Retail baron Kishor Biyani K Radhakrishnan has handpicked to drive a massive scale-up of his neighborhood stores chain KB's Fair Price, which he hopes will be as influential as Big Bazaar in a couple of years. Radhakrishnan, 54, who has been Future Fresh Food president, will now ta ke over as the CEO of KB's Fair Price, which plans to open more than 1,000 outlets in the next two years in Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, up from around 200 stores at present. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES * To study the services of Big Bazar. * To know the customers satisfaction level. * To know the expectation of customers.

Advanced Practice Nurse Essay

The Advanced Practice Nurse will play a crucial role in advancement of the healthcare system in the United States. There are several factors affecting today’s healthcare system which will influenced the future development of the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) role. Some of the major factors include the evolving federal and states laws, rapidly growing and aging population, increasing rates of chronic diseases in children and adults, and the cost of healthcare. These challenges require increase need for well trained healthcare professionals (OJN). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that was singed into law March 23, 2010 had the greatest impact in healthcare reform in the United States since the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. This legislation established emphasis on preventive services with focus on primary care, funds for community health initiatives, and improve quality of care. It also afforded health insurance to millions of Americans who are c urrently uninsured (OJN). The influx of new patients will stress an already strained healthcare system. According to the American Academy of Family physicians, by 2020, the United States will need 40 percent more primary care providers . One way to meet the increasing shortage of primary care provider is to enhance and expedite the growth of Advanced Practice Registered Nurse. A government accounting office noted that Nurse Practitioner are the fastest growing group of primary care providers . (p-241-242). Nurse practitioners could fill the growing shortage of primary care more quickly than physicians. It only takes nurses 6 years of education and training while physicians may require 11-12 years.(health policy) The Advanced Practice Nurse role is also defined by the individual state’s Rules, regulations and statutes. Advanced Practice Registered Nurse practitioners in most states are still fighting their state laws which prevents them from independently practicing without a collaborative agreement with a physician. Currently only 19 states and the District of Columbia allow nurse practitioners to practice independently of a physician. (KHN) The American Nurses Association conducted a review of 19 studies in May 2010, which confirmed that care delivered by a nurse equivalent is equivalent to care provided by a physician.. In addition, the study showed that NP’s consistenly provided more patient care, follow-up, and Consultation time, b(OOO) Another factor that has impact on the future role of Advanced Practice Nurse is the increase healthcare needs of the aging population and chronic Diseases of children and adults. (Impact). More complex healthcare needs increases The cost of healthcare. The cost of U.S. healthcare is $7,538 per capita spending. This is nearly double than any other organization. (OJN) Nurse practitioner Providing care in primary care is less costly than a physician since since they tend to offer fewer to tests and expensive diagnostic procedure. According to the federal Health Resources and Services Administration, or HRSA, at least 55 million Americans live in areas with an inadequate supply of primary care doctors. Massachusetts has the most primary care doctors per capita; Mississippi has the fewest. The nation would need more than 15,000 additional providers to meet the target ratio of one primary care practitioner for every 3,500 residents, according to HRSA, a gap that cannot be filled with physicians. The Association of American Medical Colleges predicts a worsening shortage ahead. In the next 10 years, as one-third of all doctors retire, there will be 90,000 fewer doctors than needed to serve the nation’s aging population. Half of the shortage will be in primary care. Nationwide, 117,000 physicians practiced family medicine in 2012, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation; 134,000 nurse practitioners practiced primary care, according to the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. Last year, only 1,916 U.S. medical school graduates, or about 12 percent of the total, went into primary care residency programs, according to the nonprofit research group National Resident Matching Program. Nursing school graduates who went into primary care totaled 11,764 in 2012, about 84 percent of all NP graduates. But will relaxing state NP licensing laws improve patient access to care? A study reported this month in the journal Health Affairs says yes. The authors found that between 1998 and 2010, as more states relaxed licensing laws, the number of patients receiving care from NPs increased by a factor of 15.

Witch Trials essays

Witch Trials essays The mock witchcraft trial done in class displayed many aspects of witchcraft trials that might normally have been used long ago. I think one thing that directly affected the result of the trial was the fact that the two women accused of witchcraft were both illiterate peasants. Since they were illiterate, they were not able to use outside written sources to defend themselves. For example, the village crone could have brought in Part I., Question Viii. Of the Malleus Maleficarum which states that witches could only affect the lives of the babies that were from unmarried women since matrimony was Gods work, and the devil was not as strong as God (malleusmaleficarum.org/part_I/mm01_08a.html). This would have disproved the accusations against her relating to being a midwife since the only babies that were dead were from married women. Also, the trial might have been different if the people would have found out about the village girls mothers abortion by the midwife. This act would have a dded further reason to convict her. Another way the trial could have been different is if the people had never discovered that the village girls rambling was just form her being lonely and imaginative. If they would not have questioned her as much as they did, they would have thought she was simply possessed rather than just over imaginative. In addition, there were several points during the trial that most determined its outcome. First, when it was discovered that many of the babies that the midwife had delivered had died, everyone seemed to think this was a sure sign of witch craft. They believed this because throughout history witches that are midwives have been known to kill babies and sacrifice them to the devil. For example, Part II, Question 1, Chapter XIII of the The Malleus Maleficarum states, ...the greatest injuries to the Faith as regards the heresy of witches are done by midwives... (..

Independent and Dependent Variables Which Is Which

Independent and Dependent Variables Which Is Which SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Independent and dependent variables areimportant for both math and science. If you don't understand what these two variables are and how they differ, you'll struggle to analyze an experiment or plot equations. Fortunately, we make learning these concepts easy! In this guide, webreak down what independent and dependent variables are, give examples of the variables in actual experiments, explain how to properly graph them, provide a quiz to test your skills, and discuss the one other important variable you need to know. What Is an Independent Variable? What Is a Dependent Variable? A variable is something you’re trying to measure. It can be practically anything, such as objects, amounts of time, feelings, events, or ideas. If you’re studying how people feel about different television shows, the variables in that experiment are television shows and feelings. If you’re studying how different types of fertilizer affect how tall plants grow, the variables are type of fertilizer and plant height. There are two key variables in every experiment: the independent variable and the dependent variable. Independent variable:What the scientist changes or what changes on its own. Dependent variable:What is being studied/measured. The independent variable (sometimes known as the manipulated variable) is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment. Either the scientist has to change the independent variable herself or it changes on its own; nothing else in the experiment affects or changes it. Two examples of common independent variables are age and time. There’s nothing you or anything else can do to speed up or slow down time or increase or decrease age. They’re independent of everything else. The dependent variable (sometimes known as the responding variable) is what is being studied and measured in the experiment. It’s what changes as a result of the changes to the independent variable. An example of a dependent variable is how tall you are at different ages. The dependent variable (height) depends on the independent variable (age). An easy way to think of independent and dependent variables is, when you’re conducting an experiment, the independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that. You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the dependent variable as the effect. It can be a lot easier to understand the differences between these two variables with examples, so let’s look at some sample experiments below. Examples of Independent and Dependent Variables in Experiments Below are overviews of three experiments, each with their independent and dependent variables identified. Experiment 1: You want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so you can get the most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see which bag pops the most popcorn kernels. Independent Variable: Brand of popcorn bag (It’s the independent variable because you are actually deciding the popcorn bag brands) Dependent Variable: Number of kernels popped (This is the dependent variable because it's what you measure for each popcorn brand) Experiment 2: You want to see which type of fertilizer helps plants grow fastest, so you add a different brand of fertilizer to each plant and see how tall they grow. Independent Variable: Type of fertilizer given to the plant Dependent Variable: Plant height Experiment 3: You’re interested in how rising sea temperatures impact algae life, so you design an experiment that measures the number of algae in a sample of water taken from a specific ocean site under varying temperatures. Independent Variable: Ocean temperature Dependent Variable: The number of algae in the sample For each of the independent variables above, it’s clear that they can’t be changed by other variables in the experiment. You have to be the one to change the popcorn and fertilizer brands in Experiments 1 and 2, and the ocean temperature in Experiment 3 cannot be significantly changed by other factors. Changes to each of these independent variables cause the dependent variables to change in the experiments. Where Do You Put Independent and Dependent Variables on Graphs? Independent and dependent variables always go on the same places in a graph. This makes it easy for you to quickly see which variable is independent and which is dependent when looking at a graph or chart. The independent variable always goes on the x-axis, or the horizontal axis. The dependent variable goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis. Here’s an example: As you can see, this is a graph showing how the number of hours a student studies affects the score she got on an exam. From the graph, it looks like studying up to six hours helped her raise her score, but as she studied more than that her score dropped slightly. The amount of time studied is the independent variable, because it’s what she changed, so it’s on the x-axis.The score she got on the exam is the dependent variable, because it’s what changed as a result of the independent variable, and it’s on the y-axis. It’s common to put the units in parentheses next to the axis titles, which this graph does. There are different ways to title a graph, but a common way is â€Å"[Independent Variable] vs. [Dependent Variable]† like this graph. Using a standard title like that also makes it easy for others to see what your independent and dependent variables are. Are There Other Important Variables to Know? Independent and dependent variables are the two most important variables to know and understand when conducting or studying an experiment, but there is one other type of variable that you should be aware of: constant variables. Constant variables (also known as â€Å"constants†) are simple to understand: they’re what stay the same during the experiment. Most experiments usually only have one independent variable and one dependent variable, but they will all have multiple constant variables. For example, in Experiment 2 above, some of the constant variables would be the type of plant being grown, the amount of fertilizer each plant is given, the amount of water each plant is given, when each plant is given fertilizer and water, the amount of sunlight the plants receive, the size of the container each plant is grown in, and more. The scientist is changing the type of fertilizer each plant gets which in turn changes how much each plant grows, but every other part of the experiment stays the same. In experiments, you have to test one independent variable at a time in order to accurately understand how it impacts the dependent variable. Constant variables are important because they ensure that the dependent variable is changing because, and only because, of the independent variable so you can accurately measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. If you didn’t have any constant variables, you wouldn’t be able to tell if the independent variable was what was really affecting the dependent variable. For example, in the example above, if there were no constants and you used different amounts of water, different types of plants, different amounts of fertilizer and put the plants in windows that got different amounts of sun, you wouldn’t be able to say how fertilizer type affected plant growth because there would be so many other factors potentially affecting how the plants grew. 3 Experiments to Help You Understand Independent and Dependent Variables If you're still having a hard time understanding the relationship between independent and dependent variable, it might help to see them in action. Here are three experiments you can try at home. Experiment 1: Plant Growth Rates One simple way to explore independent and dependent variables is to construct a biology experiment with seeds. Try growing some sunflowers and see how different factors affect their growth. For example, say you have ten sunflower seedlings, and you decide to give each a different amount of water each day to see if that affects their growth.The independent variable here would be the amount of water you give the plants, and the dependent variable is how tall the sunflowers grow. Experiment 2: Chemical Reactions Explore a wide range of chemical reactions with this chemistry kit. It includes 100+ ideas for experiments- pick one that interests you andanalyze what the different variables are in the experiment! Experiment 3: Simple Machines Build and test a range of simple and complex machines with this K'nex kit. How does increasing a vehicle's mass affect its velocity? Can you lift more with a fixed or movable pulley? Remember, the independent variable is what you control/change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that. Quiz: Test Your Variable Knowledge Can you identify the independent and dependent variables for each of the four scenarios below? The answers are at the bottom of the guide for you to check your work. Scenario 1:You buy your dog multiple brands of food to see which one is her favorite. Scenario 2:Your friends invite you to a party, and you decide to attend, but you're worried that staying out too long will affecthow well you do on your geometry test tomorrow morning. Scenario 3:Your dentist appointment will take 30 minutes from start to finish, but that doesn't include waiting in the lounge before you're called in. The total amount of time you spend in the dentist's office is the amount of time you wait before your appointment, plus the 30 minutes of the actual appointment Scenario 4:You regularly babysit your little cousin who always throws a tantrum when he's asked to eat his vegetables. Over the course of the week, you ask him to eat vegetables four times. Summary: Independent vs Dependent Variable Knowing the independent variable definition and dependent variable definition is key to understanding how experiments work. The independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what changes as a result of that. You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the dependent variable as the effect. When graphing these variables, the independent variable should go on the x-axis (the horizontal axis), and the dependent variable goes on the y-axis (vertical axis). Constant variables are also important to understand. They are what stay the same throughout the experiment so you can accurately measure the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. What's Next? Independent and dependent variables are commonly taught in high school science classes. Read our guide to learn which science classes high school students should be taking. Scoring well on standardized tests is an important part of having a strong college application. Check out our guides on the best study tips for the SAT and ACT. Interested in science? Science Olympiad is a great extracurricular to include on your college applications, and it can help you win big scholarships. Check out our complete guide to winning Science Olympiad competitions. Quiz Answers 1: Independent: dog food brands Dependent: how much you dog eats 2: Independent:how long you spend at the party Dependent:your exam score 3: Independent:Amount of time you spend waiting Dependent:Total time you're at the dentist (the 30 minutes of appointment time is the constant) 4: Independent:Number of times your cousin is asked to eat vegetables Dependent:number of tantrums Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

This is a repeat from yesterday, and I still need two solid paragraphs Essay

This is a repeat from yesterday, and I still need two solid paragraphs answering the below listed question. I have included more - Essay Example Also, the U.S. was just beginning to enter the Industrial Age, changing American society dramatically. Production was soaring because businesses boomed. People moved out of the cities if they could, because there was a wide income disparity between the working class and the urban middle class. In addition, Prohibition was legally enforced while the 18th Amendment was valid, forcing people to stop making moonshine liquor and patronize bars—however, this legal technicality did not in effect erase peoples’ drinking activity completely, but rather just suppressed it. (People still made liquor illegally, buying it and selling it.) The results of these changes were a New Urban Culture, New Moral Standards, and New Consumer Ethics. A New Urban Culture flourished. As industrial work no longer could meet the demands for low-skilled workers in the polis, industrial operations began to move to the rural areas—where there were more low-skilled workers who: most likely had le ss education; were willing to work for less money; and were not averse to doing skill that required more physical labor and less intellectual faculties. Also, as people became more middle class, the demand for physical labor decreased. Industries moved to rural areas to stay afloat. New Moral Standards emerged as well. ... The advent of the 9-to-5 office job eclipsed most physical labor that had previously been the backbone of the American work force. More jobs began to require degrees in higher education, and more people began to—as a result—seek more education from institutions at higher learning. Several excellent schools had begun to gain exeter reputations in the early 20th century, such as Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Education became much more of a focus as several industries moved from the urban to the rural areas. Once the ‘20s were over, people started moving in an exodus out of the city once they had achieved some level of social mobility. Conflict ensued with the Scopes Trial (also famously known as the â€Å"Scopes Monkey Trial†), a lawsuit of the State of Tennessee versus John Scopes, a biology teacher who taught evolution—when it was illegal to teach evolution due to the way Tennessee state law was structured. Although Scopes was deemed guilty, he got o ff on a technicality and was never put in jail. Around this time, the eight-hour, five-day work week with two weeks paid vacation became the standard and not the exception in terms of what had traditionally been the standard—which included longer hours, no free time on the weekend, and no paid vacation. Industry—although initially urban—eventually moved to rural areas, due to the fact that industrial jobs needed low-skill laborers while the public was becoming increasingly educated and more middle class. 2.) Describe the impact of the New Deal on American government and society. In doing ?so, be sure to discuss the primary goal and basic overall characteristic of several specific New Deal programs. (450 words) The New Deal was the first comprehensive socialist program put

Reflection paper of the movie What's Eating Gilbert Grape Essay

Reflection paper of the movie What's Eating Gilbert Grape - Essay Example Arnie is not your average boy; he is mentally challenged and was not expected to live to see his tenth birthday, let alone his eighteenth, which he surpasses in the film. Arnie is associated with many heights in the film as he is regularly seen dangling from the roof, climbing trees, and of course, his ritual of scaling the water tower. Although Arnie loves the heights, he can not seem to conquer the depths, as he will simply not venture to the basement of the house. â€Å"I don’t want to go down there, Gilbert; Dad’s down there,† thus voicing the repressed fear that no one in the family will, or can put into words. Arnie’s water tower escapades are a source of great aggravation to the police, yet are greeted by the locals with an understanding of occasion and courteous applause when his feet are firmly planted back on the ground. Arnie obtains a fear of water when Gilbert abandons him in the bathtub for the night, and does not over come his apprehension until he flees to Becky after a fight he had with Gilbert. The portrayal of Arnie and his disability in the film is somewhat placid. Although to the viewer he may seem somewhat comically over acted with his gestures, the town’s people appear to accept him into their town as one of them – thus incorporating a sense of understanding of the concept of disability in the film. Due to the environment of Arnie’s residence with his family, this can be seen to affect him in many ways. Firstly, he does in fact appear to have strong underlying relationships with each of the characters in the film.